Electric Vehicles
How does EV's work?
EV's are written as Electric Vehicles also referred as Battery Electric Vehicles(BEV's). For traction an Electric motor is used instead of an internal combustion engine powered by a large traction battery pack.
For charging of battery pack a charging equipment is used, also called Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment(EVSE). Also vehicles have no exhaust as it runs on electricity.
Different Charging Infrastructure
Open Charge Point Interface (OCPI) protocol allows for automated roaming across various EV charging networks. As EV charging is a complex network.
Station Location- A site having one or more EV charging ports at same address.
EV charging port- An EV charging port provides power to only automobile at a time even if it have multiple connectors. EV charging ports are sometimes also referred as Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment(EVSE) ports.
Connector- A connector is a plug used to charge a vehicle. Connectors are also called as plugs.
Charging Equipment
Charging equipment for EV's are selected as per the norm at which batteries are charged.
Different types of EV charging connectors used in INDIA
AC charging connectors (Slow Charging)- IEC60309 and Type 2 connectors.
DC charging Connectors (Fast Charging)- GB/t connector, CHAdeMO connector, CCS1 and CCS2 connector.
Indian EV's and Type of connectors in INDIA
AC Charging connectors- 1. Type 1 connectors (IEC 60309)
2. Type 2 connectors
Type 1 connectors (IEC 60309)- Charging with single phase, 15 Ampere outlet
Related safety interlocks
Are popular in open air settings as they are weatherproof to IP44
Also used in situations when high current or three phase capabilities are not required
Frequency is 50 to 60 Hz AC power
Colour coding
-Is yellow for 100 to 130 Volts
-Is Blue for 200 to 250 Volts (Frequency used)
-Is Red for 380 to 480 Volts
Reasons Why EV charger connectors are not designed like normal three pins-
Three pins are unable to deliver power more than 10Wh.
Affected by weather conditions.
It does not provide a two-way communication.
Type 2 connectors- It consists of seven pin out of which one is Earth, One is neutral pin, three are line phase pin, two signalling pins.
They look similar from 7.4kW to 22kW (AC) but differs in phase. In 7.4kW is single phase, there is only one conductor, while the three phase (22kW) has 3 conductors.
DC charging connectors- 1. GB/T connectors
2. CHAdeMO connectors
3. CCS1 and CCS2 connectors
A rapid DC charging system can charge at 50 kW and and provide DC power to EV's battery pack. Also DC charging system can charge at 100kW to 150kW. Also DC charging system can charge at 100kW to 150kW. The demand of DC chargers are rising for EV sector as they are quite beneficial for EV's who travel long distances for both lightly loaded vehicles and and heavy duty vehicles. It saves time of people who travel long distances and can't afford waste of time.
GB/T connector- It's Used in China, allows charging even faster up to 250kW.
CHAdeMO connector- In 2010, the Japanese developed the CHAdeMO EV connector offer up to 62.5kW at 500V/125A for fast charging of EV batteries. For the control pin(CP), the CAN protocol is utilized to make easier communication between the electric car and charging system. Most EV's are compatible with CHAdeMO connector. Also the new CHAdeMO EV connector 2.0 provides charging at 400kW which is very fast.
CCS1 and CCS2 connector- Utilises less space than other AC and DC plugs.
Combined charging sockets(CCS) uses shared communications pins to combine AC and DC inlets.
ADITTIONAL CHARGING OPTIONS- Apart from this, the industry is researching for new connectors like Megawatt Connectors which will be part of Common Vehicle system.
OCPI- It stands for Open Charge Point Interface which allows automated roaming between various EV charging networks.
EV Charging Networks-
1. Charge point Operator(CPO's)
2. e-Mobility Service Provider(eMSP, EMSP, EMP)
3. Distribution System Operator (DSO)
